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Street art is visual art created in public locations, usually unsanctioned artwork executed outside of the context of traditional art venues. The term gained popularity during the graffiti art boom of the early 1980s and continues to be applied to subsequent incarnations. Stencil graffiti, wheatpasted poster art or sticker art, and street installation or sculpture are common forms of modern street art. Video projection, yarn bombing and Lock On sculpture became popularized at the turn of the 21st century. The terms "urban art", "guerrilla art", "post-graffiti" and "neo-graffiti" are also sometimes used when referring to artwork created in these contexts.〔"Neo-graffiti" is a term coined by ''Tokion Magazine'' in the title of its Neo-Graffiti Project 2000, which featured "classic" subway graffiti artists working in new media; others have called this phenomenon "urban art." A discussion by the Wooster Collective on terminology can be found at (WoosterCollective.com. )〕 Traditional spray-painted graffiti artwork itself is often included in this category, excluding territorial graffiti or pure vandalism. Artists who choose the streets as their gallery are often doing so from a preference to communicate directly with the public at large, free from perceived confines of the formal art world.〔Schwartzman, Allan, ''Street Art'', The Dial Press, Doubleday & Co., New York, NY 1985 ISBN 0-385-19950-3〕 Street artists sometimes present socially relevant content infused with esthetic value, to attract attention to a cause or as a form of "art provocation".〔 Street artists often travel between countries to spread their designs. Some artists have gained cult-followings, media and art world attention, and have gone on to work commercially in the styles which made their work known on the streets. ==Background== Artists have challenged art by situating it in non-art contexts. Street artists do not aspire to change the definition of an artwork, but rather to question the existing environment with its own language.〔 The motivations and objectives that drive street artists are as varied as the artists themselves. ‘Street’ artists attempt to have their work communicate with everyday people about socially relevant themes in ways that are informed by esthetic values without being imprisoned by them. There is a strong current of activism and subversion in urban art. Street art can be a powerful platform for reaching the public and a potent form of political expression for the oppressed, or people with little resources to create change.〔Buzzell, Colby. "I am Banksy: a phantom with a stencil and a can of spray paint, maybe the premier 'guerrilla street artist' in the world, Banksy is almost impossible to find, but his work is everywhere and he makes people very, very happy." Esquire Dec. 2005: 198+. Academic OneFile. Web. 22 Apr. 2013.〕 Common variants include adbusting, subvertising and other culture jamming, the abolishment of private property and reclaiming the streets. Some street artists use "smart vandalism" as a way to raise awareness of social and political issues.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.whas11.com/news/local/Student-art-project-is-vandalism-for-a-cause-86760522.html )〕 Other street artists simply see urban space as an untapped format for personal artwork, while others may appreciate the challenges and risks that are associated with installing illicit artwork in public places. A universal motive of most, if not all street art, is that adapting visual artwork into a format which utilizes public space allows artists who may otherwise feel disenfranchised to reach a much broader audience than traditional artwork and galleries normally allow. Whereas traditional graffiti artists have primarily used free-hand aerosol paints to produce their works,〔For the development of style in the aerosol paint medium, as well as an examination of the political, cultural, and social commentary of its artists, see the anthropological history of New York subway graffiti art, ''Getting Up: Subway Graffiti in New York'', by Craig Castleman, a student of Margaret Mead, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1982.〕 "street art" encompasses many other media and techniques, including: LED art, mosaic tiling, murals, stencil art, sticker art, "Lock On" street sculptures, street installations, wheatpasting, woodblocking, and yarn bombing. New media forms such as projection onto large city buildings are an increasingly popular tool for street artists—and the availability of cheap hardware and software allows street artists to become more competitive with corporate advertisements. Much like open source software, artists are able to create art for the public realm from their personal computers, similarly creating things for free which compete with companies making things for profit.〔Geek Graffiti: A Study in Computation, Gesture and Graffiti Analysis〕 Street art is a topical issue. Some people consider it a crime, others consider it a form of art.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/content/articles/2007/09/14/140907_graffiti_mb_feature.shtml )〕 Street artists may be charged with vandalism, malicious mischief, intentional destruction of property, criminal trespass, or antisocial behavior. Legal definitions vary between jurisdictions. In some cities, it is unlawful for landowners to allow any graffiti on their property if it’s visible from any other public or private property. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Street art」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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